What is Environment ?

Every living organic entity is continually cooperating with its current circumstance contained air, light, water, land or substratum and the different sorts of living organic entities.

Ecosystem comprise of a  living community where the plants and animals live together with non -living organisms of the environment i.e., air, water, soil, land, climate, landforms etc.,

Ecosystem is nothing but the study of Ecology [Study of home of living organisms].

Ecosystem in other words means, that any framework which establishes of living community as well as a non-living community operating through different cycles.

It is the Natural part wherein biotic [living] and abiotic [non-living] factors associate / interact  with one another and also among themselves.

These associations shape the environment and biological system of a living organism.

From a natural perspective, climate comprises the physical [minerals, water, air] and natural elements [bio-molecules, life forms] alongside their synthetic co operations (substance cycles -- carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle and so forth) that influence a living being or a group of organisms.

All life forms are reliant upon the climate to complete their regular life measures and to meet their actual necessities (food, energy, water, oxygen, cover and so forth).

Structural Components of an Ecosystem :-`

Components that form the structural aspects of an ecosystem are as follows,

Inorganic components -- C, N, CO2, H2O

Organic components -- Protein, Carbohydrates, Lipids 

Climatic conditions  -- Temperature, Moisture, Light & Topography

Primary Producers  -- Plants

Macro consumers -- Phagotrophs such as Large animals

Micro consumers -- Saprotrophs, absorbers such as bacteria, fungi.

Aboitic :- Light, water, climate, gases etc.,

Biotic :- Living organisms including human beings, plants, animals, bacteria, fungi etc..,

Aboitic Elements :-

(a) Light -- Sunlight gives energy. Green plants use daylight for photosynthesis for

combining nourishment for themselves just as any remaining living creatures.

(b) Precipitation / Rainfall --  Water is fundamental for all living creatures. Larger part of biochemical responses

happen in a fluid medium. Water assists with directing internal heat level. Further,

water bodies structure the living space for some oceanic plants and creatures.

(c) Temperature -- Temperature is a basic factor of the climate which significantly

impacts endurance of creatures. Living beings can endure just a specific scope of

climate, humidity and temperature.

(d) Organic Elements -- Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids and so on are fundamental for energy transformation in the living environment.

(e) Inorganic Elements -- Carbon dioxide, water, carbon, sulfur, nitrates, phosphates, and particles of different metals are fundamental for living creatures to survive.

(f) Atmosphere -- Earth’s atmosphere consists of 21 % of Oxygen, 78%  of Nitrogen and

0.038% of  Carbon dioxide. It also contains mixture of other idle gases such as 0.93 % of  Argon, Neon and so forth.

(g) Substratum -- The Organisms might be earthbound (living on land) or aquatic (live in water ). 

Land is covered by soil and a wide assortment of organisms, protozoa, parasites and little creatures such as invertebrates flourish in it.

Underlying foundations of plants penetrate through the soil to tap water and supplements.

Earthbound animals live ashore. Amphibian plants, animals and organisms live in fresh water just as in the ocean.

A few organisms live even in steaming hot water vents under the ocean.

Biotic Elements :-

(a) Autotrophs or Primary producers --

Autotrophs (self- nourishing) / Primary producers are green plants, certain microbes and green algae that produce food by photosynthesis.

Primary Producers in the aquatic biological system are the Plankton (tiny fish).

(b) Heterotrophs or Consumers --

Heterotrophs / Consumers are incapable of creating their own food.

They rely upon natural food got from plants, creatures or both.

They can be separated into two general catergories specifically macro and micro consumers (decomposers).

Functional Aspects of an Ecosystem :-

(a) Energy cycles

(b) Food chains

(c) Diversity -- inter connection between organisms

(d) Nutrition cycles -- bio -geochemical cycles for example  Carbon cycle, Nitrogen cycle, Oxygen cycle, Water cycle.

and

(e) Evolution

Ecology :-

The term Ecology was derived from Greek words, 'Oikos' and 'Logos' meaning Home and Study respectively. i.e., it means Study of home of species.

It is the part of science [Biology ] is mainly deals with the relationships of organisms with one another (energy cycle and Nutrient cycles) and to their actual environmental factors.

Levels of Ecological Organization :-

Individual -- Population -- Community -- Ecosystem -- Biome -- Biosphere

Individual / Species

A species is a group of individuals that are hereditarily related and can raise to deliver fertile offspring. Individuals are not members of the similar species if their members can’t deliver offspring that can likewise have children. 

The name given to every Organisms contains a species name in it, the second word in the two word name will be the species name oh that organism. For instance, in Homo sapiens, sapiens is the species name.

Population 

Population is a local area of inter breeding creatures of same individuals / species, occupying a characterized region during a particular time.

Development of population rate can be positive because of birth and additionally movement / immigration [moving in] or negative because of death and additionally migration.

On account of huge, versatile creatures like tigers, panthers, lions, and so forth, the population thickness might be dictated by checking the pugmarks (foot engraves) left by the creatures in a characterized region.

Investigation of pug imprints can give the accompanying data dependably such as,

Presence of various species in the place of study.

Recognizable proof of individual creatures.

Population of enormous felines [lions, tigers and so on]

Sex proportion and age [ young or adults] of huge felines.

Community :-

Community is nothing but the entire group of the population of various species that live in a similar territory and associate with each other. A community is made out of the all the biotic elements of a place.

Ecosystem :-

It comprise of a  living community where the plants and animals live together with non -living organisms of the environment i.e., air, water, soil, land, climate, landforms etc.,

Biome :-

A biome is a huge inherently happening community of widely varied vegetation [flora and fauna] involving a significant natural surroundings. For example Tundra biome, Rain forest biome.

In a Biome due to same climates, the plants and animals over a long range of continents have some similar / common characteristics.

These Biomes are different from the habitats as any biome could contain a variety of habitats in it.

Biosphere :-

The biosphere is the natural part (supporting existence) of the earth which incorporates the lithosphere, hydrosphere and climate.

The biosphere comprises of  all living beings on earth, along with the dead natural matter delivered by them.

The biosphere is not present at the extreme poles i.e., North and South poles, the mountains at great height and the deep seas / oceans since existing unfriendly conditions there don't uphold life.